{"id":241,"date":"2009-07-23T00:26:27","date_gmt":"2009-07-23T00:26:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/annualconference\/french-association-for-american-studies\/afea-conference\/previous-conferences\/2010-conference-grenoble-from-nature-to-the-environment\/workshops\/241\/"},"modified":"2009-07-23T00:26:27","modified_gmt":"2009-07-23T00:26:27","slug":"workshops","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/afea.fr\/annualconference\/french-association-for-american-studies\/afea-conference\/previous-conferences\/2010-conference-grenoble-from-nature-to-the-environment\/workshops\/241\/","title":{"rendered":"Workshops"},"content":{"rendered":"

WORKSHOPS, July 21, 2009<\/p>\n

Antoine CAZ\u00c9 (Universit\u00e9 Denis-Diderot – Paris 7)<\/p>\n

Sites po\u00e9tiques contemporains
\n<\/strong>
\nDans une lettre adress\u00e9e en 1955 \u00e0 Ed Dorn, Charles Olson conseille au jeune po\u00e8te de s\u2019ancrer dans un site sp\u00e9cifique pour en transmuer la substance en langage :<\/p>\n

DOCUMENTS PRIMAIRES. Et s\u2019ancrer \u00e0 cet endroit repr\u00e9sente
\ntoute une vie d\u2019assiduit\u00e9. Le mieux, c\u2019est de creuser une seule
\nchose, un seul endroit, un seul homme<\/em> jusqu\u2019\u00e0 ce que toi, tu en saches +
\nsur la question que n\u2019importe qui d\u2019autre. Peu importe qu\u2019il
\ns\u2019agisse du Fer Barbel\u00e9, du Pemmican, de Paterson ou bien de l\u2019Iowa.
\nMais \u00e9puise<\/em> le sujet. Sature-le. A fond.
\n\t\t\t\t\tEt l\u00e0 TU SAIS
\ntout le reste tr\u00e8s vite : un seul truc jusqu\u2019\u00e0 saturation (\u00e7a peut
\nprendre 14 ans). Et hop, c\u2019est gagn\u00e9, pour toujours.
\n(Charles Olson, Additional Prose<\/em>, Four Seasons Foundation, Bolinas, CA, 1974, p.11)<\/p>\n

Pour Olson on le sait, ce site fut Gloucester, dont l\u2019arpentage finit par modifier radicalement le paysage po\u00e9tique am\u00e9ricain en produisant l\u2019\u0153uvre d\u2019une vie : The Maximus Poems<\/em>.
\nLe site naturel est litt\u00e9ralement un lieu commun <\/em>de la po\u00e9sie am\u00e9ricaine d\u2019aujourd\u2019hui. Il offre la possibilit\u00e9 au langage po\u00e9tique de d\u00e9finir un commun du lieu qui puisse simultan\u00e9ment rendre hommage \u00e0 sa sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9 et s\u2019en abstraire pour viser l\u2019universel. Qu\u2019il s\u2019agisse de Paiute Creek pour Gary Snyder, des grottes du pal\u00e9olithique pour Clayton Eshleman, d\u2019un Ouest mythifi\u00e9 chez Ed Dorn, des bois de la Nouvelle-Angleterre coloniale pour Susan Howe, de la \u00ab for\u00eat sacr\u00e9e \u00bb de Robin Blaser, du taillis non moins sacr\u00e9 des Journaux<\/em> de Thoreau pour John Cage, des plaines du Dakota chez Tom McGrath, des marais du Wisconsin dans le superbe Paean to Place<\/em> de Lorine Niedecker, et de bien d\u2019autres encore, les sites de la po\u00e9sie am\u00e9ricaine invitent \u00e0 une r\u00e9flexion sur l\u2019articulation entre langage de la nature et nature du langage.
\nSituer un po\u00e8me, et conjointement d\u00e9finir un site po\u00e9tique (voire un site pour la po\u00e9sie), voil\u00e0 une question \u00e9minemment environnementale. Aujourd\u2019hui, la d\u00e9mat\u00e9rialisation du concept m\u00eame de site par le biais de l\u2019Internet invite \u00e0 repenser \u00ab l\u2019imp\u00e9ratif \u00e9cologique \u00bb (Jed Rasula) de la po\u00e9sie am\u00e9ricaine : une textualit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale s\u2019\u00e9labore dans l\u2019espace virtuel dont l\u2019imaginaire volontiers tourn\u00e9 vers la nature (cf. p. ex. John Cayley, riverIsland<\/em>) interroge le rapport entre site po\u00e9tique et site naturel.
\nCet atelier voudrait donc contribuer \u00e0 l\u2019analyse des pratiques po\u00e9tiques qui s\u2019appuient sur le type d\u2019arch\u00e9ologie environnementale pr\u00e9conis\u00e9e par Olson pour transformer la nature d\u2019un lieu en site de langage po\u00e9tique.
\nLes propositions sont \u00e0 envoyer \u00e0 Antoine Caz\u00e9<\/a><\/p>\n

Claude CHASTAGNER (Universit\u00e9 Paul Val\u00e9ry – Montpellier 3)<\/p>\n

Take a walk on the wild side
\n<\/em> <\/strong>Explorer l\u2019habitat de la musique populaire am\u00e9ricaine
\n<\/strong>
\nLa musique populaire am\u00e9ricaine a un rapport schizophr\u00e9nique \u00e0 son environnement. Depuis les ann\u00e9es cinquante, ses formes \u00e9lectrifi\u00e9es, du rock\u2019n\u2019roll au grunge, du punk au post-rock, du R&B au rap, se sont toutes pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es comme la musique des villes am\u00e9ricaines, traitant de probl\u00e9matiques urbaines et produites le plus souvent pour un public citadin. Le constat reste valable pour la musique country dont le nom suscite pourtant des images plus bucoliques. L\u00e0 encore, malgr\u00e9 ses origines rurales, la country trouve l\u2019essentiel de son public dans les villes et les banlieues.
\nCette pr\u00e9dominance de la ville comme milieu naturel ne pourrait \u00eatre que le reflet de l\u2019\u00e9volution d\u00e9mographique des \u00c9tats-Unis. Pourtant, la musique populaire est tiraill\u00e9e par une \u00e9nergie contraire. Avec force, les artistes ont chant\u00e9 leur attirance pour la wilderness<\/em> comme pour une Am\u00e9rique pastorale. Leur refus de la ville s\u2019exprime aussi bien par la prolif\u00e9ration de chansons c\u00e9l\u00e9brant la vie rurale ou adoptant des perspectives \u00e9cologiques que par le renouveau du bluegrass <\/em>et de l\u2019old-time music<\/em> et l\u2019explosion r\u00e9cente de l\u2019anti-folk. A l\u2019instar du cin\u00e9ma et du roman am\u00e9ricains, des probl\u00e9matiques parall\u00e8les, comme l\u2019importance de la route et de l\u2019espace viennent confirmer cette tension entre enracinement urbain et qu\u00eate de ruralit\u00e9, entre prolif\u00e9ration et effacement de l\u2019humain.
\nLe rapport de la musique populaire am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 son environnement pose la question de ses sources profondes. D\u2019o\u00f9 vient la sauvagerie qui l\u2019habite ? Est-ce le r\u00eave jeffersonien qui la traverse qui doit nous amener \u00e0 la lire comme une musique de l\u2019inculte, du sauvage, et donc, litt\u00e9ralement, du non civilis\u00e9e, du non polic\u00e9e ? Ou est-ce au contraire dans l\u2019\u00e9nergie \u00e9lectrique urbaine qui en \u00e9mane qu\u2019est l\u2019origine de sa fr\u00e9n\u00e9sie, de sa violence parfois ? Dans quelle mesure le rapport contradictoire de la musique populaire \u00e0 son environnement permet-t-il \u00e0 ses auditeurs de mieux \u00ab habiter la terre \u00bb, de trouver leur place entre l\u2019humain et le non-humain, de s\u2019enraciner dans un territoire ?
\nCet atelier examinera les tensions qui animent le rapport de la musique populaire \u00e0 son environnement. Nous nous poserons la question des formes que ces tensions peuvent prendre, mais surtout de leur sens. Dans quelle mesure peut-on y observer, l\u00e0 aussi, un glissement de la notion de nature vers celle d\u2019environnement, un gauchissement de leurs implications id\u00e9ologiques ? Quel r\u00f4le jouent-elles dans notre compr\u00e9hension et notre appr\u00e9ciation de la musique populaire am\u00e9ricaine ? De quelle fa\u00e7on permettent-elles d\u2019inscrire cette musique dans une \u00e9volution plus globale de la culture et des arts nord-am\u00e9ricains ?
\nLes propositions peuvent prendre la forme de case studies<\/em> portant sur des formes artistiques contemporaines et mettant en valeur le sens et la fonction des notions \u00e9voqu\u00e9es, ou de communications plus th\u00e9oriques et diachroniques permettant de saisir l\u2019\u00e9volution du rapport de la musique populaire \u00e0 son environnement.
\nLes propositions (500 mots + une courte bio) doivent \u00eatre envoy\u00e9es \u00e0 Claude Chastagner<\/a>. Les communications se feront en anglais.
\n
\nTake a walk on the wild side
\n<\/em> <\/strong>Exploring the Natural Habitat of American Popular Music
\n<\/strong>
\nAmerican popular music has developed a schizophrenic relation to its surroundings. From the 50s onwards, the various forms of electrified music, from rock\u2019n\u2019roll to grunge, from punk to post-rock, from R&B to rap, have all been regarded as urban music, dealing with urban issues, and aiming at an urban clientele. Even country music, despite its name, has become a genre whose main audience is found in towns and suburbs.
\nThe prevalence of the City as American popular music\u2019s natural habitat could merely be the consequence of demographic evolution. However, another force is pulling these musics in a different direction. American artists have repeatedly sung their attraction for the wilderness as well as for pastoral settings, as the number of songs celebrating rural lifestyles, the revival of bluegrass and old-time music, and the recent explosion of anti-folk exemplify. As in numerous American movies and novels, the emphasis on the road and on the open space is but a trace of the tension between an urban anchorage and a quest for nature, between the proliferation and the effacement of the human element.
\nPopular music\u2019s relation with its milieu raises the question of the music\u2019s foundations. What is the source of the savageness it often betrays? Does the Jeffersonian dream that runs through it make it the music of the uncultivated, of, literally, the uncivilized, what does not belong to the city? Is it rather its urban energy that fuels its frenzy, its violence? To what extent do these contradictions allow audiences to \u201cinhabit the earth\u201d, to find their place between the human and the non-human, to explore their roots?
\nThis workshop aims to investigate the tensions underlying popular music\u2019s relation to its milieu and its contradictory leanings. To what extent can we observe, here too, an evolution from the notion of nature to that of environment, with what ideological consequences? How does this inform our understanding and appraisal of American popular music, and beyond, of North American arts and cultures?
\nParticipants are invited to submit either case studies of contemporary musical genres highlighting the meaning and function of the notions alluded to, or diachronic proposals focusing on the evolution of popular music\u2019s relation to its surroundings.
\nProposals (500 words, and a short bio) should be sent to Claude Chastagner<\/a>. Papers will be delivered in English. <\/p>\n

Olivier FRAYSS\u00c9 (Paris Sorbonne) et Donna KESSELMAN (Paris XII)<\/p>\n

De nature \u00e0 environnement, des enjeux sociaux m\u00e9diatis\u00e9s
\n<\/strong>
\nLe passage de la notion de nature \u00e0 celle d’environnement, y compris la fusion\/confusion de deux concepts ayant chacun une longue histoire peut-elle s\u2019analyser sans la m\u00e9diation du social et du politique ?
\nEsclavage des races adapt\u00e9es au climat, loi naturelle du march\u00e9, fondation explicite des institutions sur la nature humaine, darwinisme social, Bell Curve<\/em>, toute l\u2019histoire am\u00e9ricaine nous renvoie au fondement id\u00e9ologique d\u2019une pr\u00e9tendue naturalit\u00e9 du social, assise sur la notion de Cr\u00e9ation.
\nDans la r\u00e9alit\u00e9, c\u2019est plut\u00f4t le social qui d\u00e9termine le rapport \u00e0 la nature, et l\u2019environnement \u00ab naturel \u00bb o\u00f9 vivent les hommes. Aux \u00c9tats-Unis, il est plus qu\u2019ailleurs directement exprim\u00e9 par le politique. Des paysages cr\u00e9\u00e9s par la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des terres publiques et les trac\u00e9s des lignes de chemin de fer \u00e0 la relance verte d\u2019Obama, en passant par les town plans<\/em>, King Cotton, l\u2019extermination des bisons, le r\u00e9seau hydrographique dessin\u00e9 pendant le New Deal, le Highway Act de 1954, les Clean Air Acts, les r\u00e9glementations mini\u00e8res, etc., un continent \u00ab vierge \u00bb a \u00e9t\u00e9 fa\u00e7onn\u00e9 en deux si\u00e8cles par le travail humain dans un cadre social qui a d\u00e9termin\u00e9 des d\u00e9cisions politiques.
\nSi le travail est la principale m\u00e9diation entre l\u2019homme et la nature, c\u2019est en effet dans le cadre de rapports sociaux donn\u00e9s qu\u2019il r\u00e9alise cette m\u00e9diation : chaque prise de position sur \u00ab la nature \u00bb, et aussi \u00ab l\u2019environnement \u00bb est une prise de position dans les rapports sociaux, chaque prise de d\u00e9cision dans les rapports sociaux modifie le cadre dans lequel l\u2019homme agit sur la nature, et le r\u00e9sultat concret du travail humain sur la nature est d\u00e9termin\u00e9 par le jeu des forces sociales dans le champ politique.
\nLes forces sociales dont la r\u00e9sultante est le travail de transformation de la nature agissent par le biais d\u2019interm\u00e9diaires : lobbies, associations, syndicats, organes de presse, puissance publique. La mani\u00e8re dont les enjeux sociaux sont ainsi m\u00e9diatis\u00e9s influe in fine<\/em> sur la nature depuis longtemps, mais aussi sur l\u2019\u00e9volution des concepts : les d\u00e9bat sur l\u2019\u00e9rosion des sols cotonniers, les inondations, le ranching<\/em>, le boll weevil<\/em>, le Dust bowl<\/em>, les enseignements de l\u2019USDA ou du National Geographic<\/em> ont jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le crucial.
\nLes questions sociales ont toujours model\u00e9 la pens\u00e9e des rapports de l\u2019homme avec la nature et l\u2019environnement : quand William Jennings Bryan parlait d\u2019environnement, il parlait de \u00ab l\u2019environnement chr\u00e9tien de son enfance \u00bb, il parlait de Dieu quand il parlait de la Nature, et refusait le darwinisme parce qu\u2019il refusait le darwinisme social. Quand B.F. Skinner faisait dispara\u00eetre le sujet dans l\u2019interaction comportementaliste entre stimuli internes et externes, il s\u2019inscrivait dans l\u2019environnement marketing de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de consommation.
\nQuels sont donc les enjeux sociaux et politiques qui ont permis le glissement de la notion de nature \u00e0 celle d\u2019environnement au sens actuel du terme, quelles sont les cons\u00e9quences sociales et politiques de ce glissement, comment les forces sociales en ont-elles fait usage ?
\nC\u2019est \u00e0 cette dimension socio-politique de la question que nous nous int\u00e9resserons dans cet atelier.
\nLes propositions sont \u00e0 envoyer \u00e0 Olivier FRAYSS\u00c9<\/a> et Donna KESSELMAN<\/a><\/p>\n

From Nature to Environment: the Social and its mediations as Mediator
\n<\/strong>
\nWhen nature as notion turns into environment<\/em>, through the fusion \/ confusion of two concepts with their own narratives, can this be understood without the social and political as mediators?
\nEnslavement of races adapted to climate, natural market laws, institutions explicitly conceived to deal with human nature, social Darwinism, Bell Curve\u2026 American history perpetually renews the ideological foundations of an allegedly natural social reality, within the paradigm of Creation.
\nIn reality, the way human beings interact with nature and their \u201cnatural\u201d environments is driven by social forces. In the US \u2013 more than elsewhere? \u2013, this socially driven interaction is expressed in political terms. From landscapes sketched out by federal public land and railroad policies to Obama\u2019s green<\/em> recovery plan, not to mention town plans, King Cotton, the extinction of the buffalo, the New Deal\u2019s hydrographical network, the 1954 Highway Act, Clean Air Acts, mining regulations\u2026 a \u201cvirgin\u201d continent was sculpted by two centuries of human labor, at work within social relations that shape political decisions.
\nWork is the main mediator between human beings and nature, operating within social relations at a given time: the stance one takes vis-\u00e0-vis \u201cnature\u201d and \/ or \u201cenvironment\u201d, depends on one\u2019s place within the social; decisions affecting society\u2019s relations modify the frame in which human beings act upon nature, and the materialization of human work applied to nature proceeds from social forces as they play out in the realm of politics.
\nSocial forces which impact nature through work are expressed via intermediaries: business, associations, labor unions, the press, and public powers. Such mediation of social stakes has left its mark upon nature, as upon concepts and their evolution: debates over the erosion of cotton fields, floods, ranching, boll weevil, Dust Bowl, or the education provided by USDA or The<\/em> National Geographic<\/em> have played a crucial role.
\nSocial issues have consistently cast relations between humans, nature and the environment: when William Jennings Bryan spoke of environment, he was speaking of the \u201cChristian environment of his youth\u201d, of God when he spoke of Nature, and his refusal of Darwinism was inseparable from his fight against social Darwinism. When the person as subject vanished into B.F. Skinner\u2019s behaviorist interaction between internal and external stimuli, it did so within the marketing environment of consumer society.
\nWhat are the social and political determinants of the move \u201cfrom nature to environment\u201d? What are the social and political stakes and consequences of this evolution, how has it been exploited by social forces? This panel proposes to explore the socio-political dimension of this transition.
\nProposals should be sent to Olivier FRAYSS\u00c9<\/a> et Donna KESSELMAN<\/a><\/p>\n

Wendy HARDING (Toulouse le Mirail ; CAS) & Jacky MARTIN (Montpellier 3)<\/p>\n

Habiter l\u2019inhabitable<\/p>\n

<\/strong>Cette formulation paradoxale a pour but de d\u00e9gager le th\u00e8me de cet atelier et d\u00e9noncer son apparente banalit\u00e9. Notre probl\u00e9matique sera l\u201dhabiter\u201d, une autre fa\u00e7on de contourner l\u2019in\u00e9vitable dualit\u00e9 nature\/culture.
\nLe glissement terminologique de \u201cnature\u201d \u00e0 \u201cenvironnement \u00bb dans le discours ambiant semble avoir r\u00e9solu l\u2019incidence et cons\u00e9quences de l\u2019inscription de l\u2019homme dans son univers. Autrefois \u00ab nature \u00bb \u00e9tait tout ce qui n\u2019\u00e9tait pas habitable ; aujourd\u2019hui, dans le cadre des id\u00e9ologies de l\u2019 \u00ab environnement\u00bb, notre habitation ne distingue plus ce qui est habitable de ce qui ne l\u2019est pas. Nous sommes plac\u00e9s dans une niche \u00e9cologique quelque part au centre ou dans la complexit\u00e9 d\u2019un univers avec lequel nous interagissons. Le probl\u00e8me de l\u2019habiter semble \u00e9vacu\u00e9, non pertinent.
\nOr ce probl\u00e8me continue \u00e0 se poser, comme par le pass\u00e9, peut-\u00eatre de fa\u00e7on encore plus aigu\u00eb. L\u2019habiter en tant qu\u2019interface entre humain et non humain nous semble brouiller les concepts d\u2019humain et de non humain en ce sens qu\u2019elle concerne la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 pour les hommes de s\u2019adapter et\/ou d\u2019adapter leur environnement.<\/strong> Les deux processus ne sont pas seulement en interaction, ils sont interd\u00e9pendants. Ils ne concernent plus des concepts stables mais des processus. En envisageant les deux limites extr\u00eames de cette interface :1\/ l\u2019adaptation de l\u2019humain dans les milieux hostiles (Les lieux extr\u00eames sont les espaces pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s des Nature Writers) et 2\/ l\u2019adaptation des milieux hostiles \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sence des hommes (On pense aux r\u00e9gions autrefois d\u00e9sertes ou mar\u00e9cageuses qui ont vu surgir d\u2019immenses ensembles urbains), nous avons voulu sensibiliser le colloque non seulement \u00e0 ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne, mais \u00e0 ses nombreuses r\u00e9alisations dans le contexte am\u00e9ricain : on pense aussi au paradoxe sociologique de certains Parcs Nationaux vid\u00e9s de leurs habitants pour redevenir sauvages et \u00e0 l\u2019exil de ces m\u00eames populations vers des territoires inhospitaliers.
\nDans ce processus d\u2019adaptation mutuelle, ni l\u2019humain ni le non humain ne sortent indemnes. On est dans le domaine des mixtes, des hybrides, des \u00ab cyborgs \u00bb et des ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes d\u2019interf\u00e9rences que nous observons aussi bien dans la litt\u00e9rature que dans la culture am\u00e9ricaine. Habiter est aussi bien habiter l\u2019espace qu\u2019\u00eatre habit\u00e9 par l\u2019espace.
\nLes propositions sont \u00e0 envoyer \u00e0 Wendy HARDING<\/a> et Jacky MARTIN<\/a><\/p>\n

Dwelling in uninhabitable places
\n<\/strong>
\nThe paradoxical title of this session aims to focus on the question of dwelling in a way that will take us beyond its apparent banality. Our focus on dwelling in uninhabitable places is hopefully a way to get around the apparently inevitable duality between nature and culture. The transition from the term \u201cnature\u201d to that of \u201cenvironment\u201d in current discourse seems to have revised and resolved the question of humanity\u2019s insertion in the universe. Formerly. \u201cnature\u201d designated all that was not habitable ; now, with the concept of environment, our dwelling places no longer distinguish what is suitable for habitation from what is not. Instead they are placed somewhere within an ecological niche at the center of or within the complexity of a universe with which we interact. The question of dwelling as intermediary between habitation and location seems to have been evacuated, or seems not pertinent.
\nYet this problem remains, as in the past, perhaps even more acutely. Redefining dwelling as an interface between the human and non-human seems to blur the two categories insofar as it requires human beings to adapt their environment or to adapt to it.<\/strong> The two processes are not only interactive, they are also interdependent. They no longer involve fixed concepts but processes. We can envisage two extreme limits of the interface between humanity and the non-human: 1) human adaptation to hostile environments (American Nature writers have a tendency to seek out extreme conditions) and 2) the adaptation of hostile environments to the presence of man (consider the desert regions or former swamps in which vast urban conglomerations have grown up). Such apparently perverse situations are fairly common in the American context. We could also consider the sociological paradox of some National Parks which have been emptied of their inhabitants in order to be converted to wilderness, while at the same time, government policy has exiled those populations into inhospitable territory.
\nIn the process of mutual adaptation, neither the human nor the non-human comes out unchanged. Instead we are in the domain of mixtures, hybrids, \u201ccyborgs\u201d and other phenomena of interference to be found in American literature and more generally in the culture. Dwelling means both living in space and being inhabited by space.
\nProposals should be sent to Wendy Harding<\/a> and Jacky MARTIN<\/a><\/p>\n

Abigail LANG (Universit\u00e9 Denis Diderot – Paris 7)<\/p>\n

Po\u00e9tique(s) \u00e9cologique(s). Formes et genres<\/strong><\/p>\n

Les crit\u00e8res qui d\u00e9finissent les \u00ab textes environnementaux \u00bb concernent avant tout leur contenu. Il s\u2019agira ici de s\u2019interroger sur les effets formels<\/em> qu\u2019une prise de conscience \u00e9cologique peut avoir en litt\u00e9rature.
\nQuelques pistes, non exhaustives :
\n– Les textes pr\u00e9sentant une sensibilit\u00e9 \u00e9cologique manifestent-ils une affinit\u00e9 pour certains genres (fiction, po\u00e9sie, th\u00e9\u00e2tre, essai) ou certaines formes ?
\n– En biologie comme en litt\u00e9rature, la classification par genres donne lieu \u00e0 des croisements et des hybrides. La \u00ab naissance \u00bb de Dolly et les manipulations scientifiques du vivant ont-elles des \u00e9chos formels en litt\u00e9rature ?
\n– L\u2019\u00e9cologie remet l\u2019homme \u00e0 sa place dans la cha\u00eene des \u00eatres et dans le syst\u00e8me des \u00e9changes. Par quels moyens formels la litt\u00e9rature r\u00e9alise-t-elle ce changement de perspective ? Comment la litt\u00e9rature refl\u00e8te-t-elle la remise en cause du sch\u00e9ma sujet-objet ?
\n– Les animaux sont traditionnellement mis \u00e0 contribution par la litt\u00e9rature pour les ab\u00e9c\u00e9daires et les fables, r\u00e9duits \u00e0 une lettre ou \u00e0 un trait, st\u00e9r\u00e9otyp\u00e9s et humanis\u00e9s. En philosophie, l\u2019animal est le faire-valoir de l\u2019exception humaine, le fond sur lequel se d\u00e9tache le propre de l\u2019homme : raison et langage. Quels sont les proc\u00e9d\u00e9s qu\u2019invente la litt\u00e9rature pour repr\u00e9senter son autre, les \u00eatres hors-la-langue ?
\n– Quand l\u2019\u00e9cologie devient militante et se fait \u00e9cologisme, la litt\u00e9rature retrouve les \u00e9cueils traditionnels de l\u2019engagement et de la propagande. Les \u00e9crivains \u00e0 sensibilit\u00e9 \u00e9cologiques ont-ils d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 de nouvelles formes<\/em> pour convaincre ?
\n– Parmi les innombrables pratiques citationnelles contemporaines, peut-on d\u00e9gager des techniques et une esth\u00e9tique du recyclage <\/em>?
\n– La \u00ab d\u00e9couverte \u00bb de la nature \u00e0 la fin du XVIIIe si\u00e8cle a partiellement d\u00e9fini le romantisme. L\u2019acuit\u00e9 de la crise \u00e9cologique actuelle suscite(ra)-t-elle un semblable bouleversement esth\u00e9tique ?
\nAu final, peut-on esquisser une, plusieurs po\u00e9tiques(s) \u00e9cologique(s) ?
\nTous les genres litt\u00e9raires pourront \u00eatre abord\u00e9s : fiction, po\u00e9sie, th\u00e9\u00e2tre, essai, th\u00e9orie.
\nLes propositions sont \u00e0 envoyer \u00e0 Abigail LANG<\/a><\/p>\n

Ecological poetics. Forms and genres<\/p>\n

<\/strong>\u00ab Environmental texts \u00bb tend to be defined in terms of content and approach. This panel proposes to consider and explore the formal effects<\/em> that a growing ecological awareness produces in literature. All literary genres may be considered : fiction, poetry, theatre, essay and theory.
\nThe following topics might be considered:
\n– Do texts that display an ecological awareness favor certain genres<\/em> (fiction, poetry, theatre, essay) or forms<\/em>?
\n– In biology as in literature, classifying individuals by genres creates cross-breeding and hybrids. Have the \u201cbirth\u201d of Dolly and other genetic manipulations had formal echoes in literature?
\n– Ecology puts man in his place within the chain of beings and the system of exchanges. By what formal means does literature enact this change of focus? How can it question the ingrained subject-object pattern?
\n– Literature has used the service of animals for alphabet books and fables, reducing them to a letter or a trait. Western philosophy has used animals as foils, as a ground for the figure of man\u2019s exceptionality: reason and language. By what techniques can literature represent its other \u2014 beings outside language?
\n– When ecology turns to politics and activism, its literature runs the familiar risk of propaganda. Are ecologically-minded writers inventing new forms of persuasion?
\n– Among the countless current practices of citation, do specific techniques and an aesthetic of recycling emerge?
\n– Romanticism partly emerged from the \u201cdiscovery\u201d of nature at the end of the XVIIIth century. Is the acuteness of the current ecological crisis about to produce an aesthetic revolution even remotely similar in scope?
\nUltimately, can a (or various) poetics of ecology be sketched?
\nAll literary genres may be considered: fiction, poetry, theatre, essay, theory.
\nProposals should be sent to Abigail LANG<\/a><\/p>\n

Lionel LARR\u00c9 (Universit\u00e9 Bordeaux 3)<\/p>\n

Les Am\u00e9rindiens, de la nature \u00e0 l\u2019environnement
\n<\/strong>
\nL\u2019objectif de cet atelier sera dans un premier temps de d\u00e9passer les clich\u00e9s trop communs quant aux Indiens et aux rapports qu\u2019ils entretiennent avec la nature. Il s\u2019agira cependant dans un deuxi\u00e8me temps, en examinant l\u2019histoire et les pratiques ancestrales, certes, mais surtout les cultures et soci\u00e9t\u00e9s modernes am\u00e9rindiennes, de comprendre ce rapport avec ce qu\u2019il conviendra de d\u00e9finir comme nature ou comme environnement : les Am\u00e9rindiens forment-ils\/ont-ils form\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s naturelles ou des cultures environnementales ? \u00c0 quel point les conceptions am\u00e9rindiennes ont-elles inspir\u00e9 les formes \u00e9cologiques euro-am\u00e9ricaines ? Peut-on dire que les formes \u00e9cologiques euro-am\u00e9ricaines ont influenc\u00e9 les manifestations modernes de pr\u00e9servation ou de conservation des Am\u00e9rindiens ? Quel est le lien \u00e0 \u00e9tablir \u2013 certains le font \u2013 entre la pr\u00e9servation de cultures ancestrales et la protection de l\u2019environnement ? Il y aura un int\u00e9r\u00eat \u00e0 tenter de r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 certaines questions propos\u00e9es dans l\u2019appel du Congr\u00e8s d\u2019un point de vue am\u00e9rindien, au regard des cultures et pratiques am\u00e9rindiennes : entre autres, \u00ab la place de l\u2019homme au centre est-elle la meilleure fa\u00e7on de penser la relation entre l\u2019humain et le non-humain \u00bb ? Quels sont les \u00ab droits des animaux dans une nature devenue environnement \u00bb ? \u00ab Quel est le r\u00f4le de l\u2019enracinement dans un lieu \u00bb ?
\nSi les supports de la r\u00e9flexion peuvent \u00eatre des textes litt\u00e9raires, la r\u00e9flexion devra se mener dans une perspective de cultural studies<\/em> et jeter des ponts entre litt\u00e9rature et civilisation.
\nLes propositions sont \u00e0 envoyer \u00e0 Lionel LARR\u00c9<\/a><\/p>\n

Native Americans from Nature to Environment
\n<\/strong>
\nThe first objective of this workshop is to move beyond the usual clich\u00e9s about the Native Americans and their relationship to nature. Participants are invited to examine not only the history and the ancient cultural practices but also modern Native American cultures and societies in order to understand the relationship they have with what will be defined as nature or environment. Have Native Americans ever formed natural societies or environmental cultures? To what extent have Native concepts inspired Euro-American forms of ecology? Have Euro-American ecological manifestations inspired modern preservation policies of Native America? What is the link one can establish between the preservation of ancient cultures and the protection of the environment? Besides these questions, it will be interesting to try to answer some others suggested by the conference call for papers: should the relationship between the human and the non-human be constructed with man occupying the center? What are the rights of animals when nature has become the environment?
\nLiterary texts are only some of the documents which should be examined to answer these questions and others to be posed, but the analysis should be placed in a cultural studies perspective.
\nProposals should be sent to Lionel LARR\u00c9<\/a><\/p>\n

B\u00e9atrice PIRE (Universit\u00e9 Sorbonne-Nouvelle Paris 3)
\n\u00ab O\u00f9 vont les canards en hiver ? \u00bb
\nCentral Park et autres parcs dans l\u2019imaginaire litt\u00e9raire am\u00e9ricain
\n<\/strong>
\nDessin\u00e9 par les architectes paysagistes Frederick Law Olmsted et Calvert Vaux en 1857, Central Park est le premier grand parc public aux \u00c9tats-Unis. \u00ab Trou\u00e9e g\u00e9ante dans la grille de Manhattan \u00bb (Hubert Damisch) abritant quelque 200 esp\u00e8ces d\u2019oiseaux et une dizaine de mammif\u00e8res, il est une c\u00e9l\u00e9bration de la monumentale nature am\u00e9ricaine, divis\u00e9e en trois ensembles : la pastorale, le pittoresque et une partie d\u2019inspiration plus formelle. Espace de sauvagerie au sein de la civilisation, corps primitif en marge du corps institutionnel, il permet l\u2019inscription dans la g\u00e9ographie urbaine d\u2019un temps mythique, parall\u00e8le \u00e0 l\u2019histoire. Le but de l\u2019atelier est de cerner, dans la litt\u00e9rature (romans, po\u00e9sie, th\u00e9\u00e2tre), comment cette r\u00e9serve naturelle (eau, v\u00e9g\u00e9tation, faune) cr\u00e9e un environnement sp\u00e9cifique dans la ville et module identit\u00e9s et relations : surgissement des fantasmes et des pulsions, rapport sp\u00e9cifique \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 et au plaisir, nouveau lien d\u00e9mocratique. Les participants sont invit\u00e9s \u00e0 souligner en quoi Central Park \u2013 comme toile de fond, m\u00e9taphore ou personnage \u00e0 part enti\u00e8re \u2013 d\u00e9termine une ontologie urbaine originale et distincte de la jungle en asphalte alentour. D\u2019autres grands parcs publics peuvent aussi \u00eatre abord\u00e9s.
\nLes propositions sont \u00e0 envoyer \u00e0 B\u00e9atrice PIRE<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00ab Where do the ducks go in winter ? \u00bb
\nCentral Park and other parks in American literary imagination
\n<\/strong>
\nDesigned in 1857 by landscape architects Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux, Central Park was the first urban public park in the United States. \u00ab A gigantic gap in the Manhattan grid \u00bb (Hubert Damisch), it is a wildlife sanctuary, an oasis for a few hundred migrating birds, an American nature in miniature that divides into three different kinds of landscapes, pastoral, picturesque and a more formal one. As a wilderness surrounded by civilization, a primitive locus set aside by the social and institutionalized world, it allows access to mythic time outside history. This workshop looks at the way this natural reserve has created a unique environment within the city and mapped new identities and relations. How do animals, water and vegetation in a public park deeply redefine the urban self, others and the very notions of freedom, pleasure and democracy? Participants to this pannel should show how Central Park, as a setting, a metaphor or a character even, determines a specific urban ontology that is different from the asphalt jungle around. Other public parks, also central in American literary imagination (whether in fiction, poetry or theater) can be picked up.
\nProposals should be sent to B\u00e9atrice PIRE<\/a><\/p>\n

Serge RICARD (Sorbonne Nouvelle – Paris 3)<\/p>\n

Pr\u00e9servation contre conservation ; d\u2019une nature id\u00e9alis\u00e9e \u00e0 un environnement ma\u00eetris\u00e9 :
\nles th\u00e9ories et politiques environnementales aux \u00c9tats-Unis du XIXe si\u00e8cle \u00e0 nos jours
\n<\/strong>
\nOn s\u2019int\u00e9ressera aux sensibilit\u00e9s et \u00e0 l\u2019h\u00e9ritage de deux courants et de deux philosophies antagoniques dont on trouve les pr\u00e9mices au XVIIIe si\u00e8cle et que vont incarner deux p\u00e8res fondateurs de l\u2019\u00e9cologie am\u00e9ricaine, John Muir et Gifford Pinchot. La vision id\u00e9alis\u00e9e de Muir d\u2019une nature dont la puret\u00e9 originelle doit \u00eatre pr\u00e9serv\u00e9e sera partag\u00e9e un temps par Pinchot qui s\u2019en \u00e9cartera et se verra pr\u00e9f\u00e9rer tr\u00e8s vite, sous l\u2019influence de ce dernier, une conception utilitaire de la conservation des ressources naturelles pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures qui conduira aux politiques actuelles de d\u00e9veloppement durable.
\nLes propositions sont \u00e0 envoyer \u00e0 Serge RICARD<\/a>
\n
\nPreservation vs. Conservation; from Idealizing Nature to Taming the Environment:
\nEnvironmental Theories and Policies in the United States from the 19th Century to Our Day
\n<\/strong>
\nEmphasis will be placed on the positioning and legacies of two antagonistic trends and philosophies embodied by two founding fathers of American ecology, John Muir and Gifford Pinchot, and whose origins can be traced back to the 18th century. Muir\u2019s idealized view of nature whose primeval purity must be preserved was shared for a short while then abandoned by Pinchot. Under the latter\u2019s influence Muir\u2019s vision was quickly superseded by a utilitarian conception of the preservation of natural resources for the generations to come which would lead to today\u2019s policies of sustainable development.
\nProposals should be sent to Serge RICARD<\/a><\/p>\n

Marie-Jeanne ROSSIGNOL (Paris – Diderot) et Rahma JERAD (Paris 1)<\/p>\n

Slavery, abolition and their natural environments in America 1765-1865
\n<\/strong>
\nPar la fuite, la mission de pros\u00e9lytisme ou le voyage vers d’autres r\u00e9gions, les acteurs de la question de l’esclavage et de l’abolition ont inscrit la nature au c\u0153ur d’un combat politique, et ont ainsi d\u00e9fini des \u00ab environnements \u00bb naturels de l’esclavage, contextes actifs d’un combat politique.
\nAu c\u0153ur de l\u2019histoire de l\u2019esclavage et de l\u2019abolition en Am\u00e9rique se trouve un environnement naturel qui fa\u00e7onne l\u2019institution, contraint et lib\u00e8re l\u2019esclave \u00e0 la fois. On pense par exemple \u00e0 l\u2019esclave en fuite, qui utilise la nature environnante pour dissimuler sa fuite, une nature qui peut aussi le trahir. De m\u00eame, certains abolitionnistes ont-ils inscrit leur combat dans de longues travers\u00e9es de l\u2019Am\u00e9rique, o\u00f9 ils arpentent les chemins sur d\u2019immenses distances, \u00e0 cheval ou m\u00eame \u00e0 pied, sensibles \u00e0 la sauvagerie de la nature et de ses habitants autochtones, \u00e0 la vari\u00e9t\u00e9 des r\u00e9gions et des r\u00e9actions de ses habitants. D\u2019autres acteurs \u00e9tats-uniens de ce grand processus, pro-esclavagistes, sont fascin\u00e9s par une \u00ab nature \u00bb propice \u00e0 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 et l\u2019\u00e9conomie esclavagistes et vont chercher cet environnement au-del\u00e0 m\u00eame des fronti\u00e8res de leur pays, dans des lieux exotiques et pourtant proches.
\nLes communications pourront porter sur la fuite dans les r\u00e9cits d\u2019esclaves et les romans, sur l\u2019environnement r\u00e9el g\u00e9ographique de l\u2019esclavage (et son impact sur l\u2019\u00e9conomie), sur l\u2019environnement r\u00eav\u00e9 de l\u2019esclavage et sur les lieux de confrontation des esclavagistes et des \u00e9mancipationnistes (fronti\u00e8re des Appalaches par exemple).
\nAtelier transversal civ-litt pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par Marie-Jeanne Rossignol (Universit\u00e9 Paris-Diderot) et Rahma Jerad (Universit\u00e9 Paris 1). Les propositions sont \u00e0 envoyer \u00e0 Marie-Jeanne Rossignol<\/a>, et Rahma Jerad<\/a><\/p>\n

Slavery, abolition and their natural environments in America 1765-1865
\n<\/strong>
\nThrough flight, a proselytizing mission or journeys to other regions, actors of the slavery and abolition question inscribed nature within their political struggle, and thus defined natural \u00ab environments\u00bb for slavery, the living contexts of a political struggle.
\n At the heart of the history of slavery and abolition in America lies a natural environment that shaped the institution, while constraining and freeing slaves at the same time. One may think of the runaway slave, using nature to hide his flight, but sometimes exposed by this very nature. In the same way, some abolitionists inscribed their struggle in long journeys over vast distances, riding horses or even walking, while being made sensitive to a wild nature and its wild native inhabitants, and realizing the diversity in North American regions and its inhabitants\u2019 reactions. Other proslavery participants in this great debate, were fascinated by the idea of a \u00ab favorable \u00bb environment for their slave society and economy, and went looking for it beyond the borders of their own country, in exotic yet nearby climes.
\nPapers can bear on runaway slaves in slave narratives and novels, on the real geographical environment of slavery (and its impact on the economy) as well on its imagined environment and on the places of confrontation between slave-owners and emancipationists (the Appalachian frontier for instance).
\nThis is an interdisciplinary American Studies workshop open to scholars both in literature and history. Proposals should be sent to Marie-Jeanne Rossignol<\/a> and Rahma Jerad<\/a><\/p>\n

Amy D. WELLS (Limoges \/ Blaise Pascal – Clermont 2 ; Espaces Humains et Interactions Culturelles – EHIC) et William DOW (Paris-Est – Marne-la-Vall\u00e9e)<\/p>\n

American Modernist Literary Landscapes 1900 to 1950:
\nFrom \u201cNature\u201d to \u201cEnvironment\u201d<\/p>\n

<\/strong>The relation of people to land is finally a product of the interaction of three factors: the basic physical nature of the environment, the preconceptions with which it is approached by its inhabitants, and the changes man makes in it.<\/em> (Leonard Lutwack, The Role of Place in Literature<\/em>)
\n
\n<\/strong>In their quest to establish a truly American literary tradition, Modernist American writers such as William Carlos Williams (In the American Grain<\/em>, <\/em>1925) and Sherwood Anderson (Winesburg, Ohio<\/em>, <\/em>1919) strive to capture elements of American paysage<\/em> and its identity in their writings. This Modernist tradition evolves from the literary force of the American frontier, which suggests that there is something innate in American soil (of a physical nature) which contributes to the American literary tradition.
\nThe turn of the century and the development of urban spaces are underlying elements of Modernist Literature, and a factor which contributes to the transition from \u201cnature\u201d to \u201cenvironment\u201d is the important role the cityscape plays in Modernist texts. While Flannery O\u2019Connor\u2019s and William Faulkner\u2019s literature of the South still hinges upon the literal \u201cnature\u201d of its setting, urban writers such as Djuna Barnes and Ana\u00efs Nin employ the city \u201cenvironment\u201d and networks to structure their narratives. Whether rural or urban, writers\u2019 and readers\u2019 preconceptions of these spaces are relied upon to make characters and stories work.
\nAmerican Modernist Literary landscapes are also a question of perspective and changes. More precisely, the literature of the expatriate movement offers a view of America from abroad, creating a sub-genre of American literature. In Paris France <\/em>(1940), Gertrude Stein speaks to the importance of both physical and metaphorical distance when writing about a place:<\/p>\n

After all everybody, that is, everybody who writes is interested in living inside themselves in order to tell what is inside themselves. That is why writers have to have two countries, the one where they belong and the one in which they live really. The second one is romantic, it is separate from themselves, it is not real but it is really there. [\u2026] Of course sometimes people discover their own country as if it were the other [\u2026] but in general that other country that you need to be free in is the other country not the country where your really belong. (2-3).<\/p>\n

It was in writing about America from Paris that Stein attempted to capture the essence of The Making of Americans<\/em> (1906-08\/1925).
\nIn this panel, we will reflect on the special relationships of nature\u2014environment and landscape\u2014cityscape\u2014paysage<\/em> in Modernist American works with a special focus on the physical nature, the preconceptions, and the changes present in these relationships. Question to consider include:
\nHow do natural landscapes and cityscapes merge in the Modernist text?
\nWhat is written by and through the land? Can we identify \u201cenvironmental\u201d narrative strategies?
\nHow are American landscapes and cityscapes represented from an expatriate perspective?
\nHow does \u201cwriting the land\u201d play a role in preservation?
\nDo literary representations of landscape, cityscape and paysage<\/em> break down along gender lines?
\nProposals should be sent to Amy D. WELLS<\/a> and William Dow<\/a><\/p>\n

Paysages litt\u00e9raires du modernisme am\u00e9ricain, 1900-1950
\n<\/strong>
\nDans leurs efforts pour \u00e9tablir une tradition litt\u00e9raire purement am\u00e9ricaine, des \u00e9crivains am\u00e9ricains modernistes tel que William Carlos Williams (In the American Grain<\/em>, <\/em>1925) et Sherwood Anderson (Winesburg, Ohio<\/em>, <\/em>1919) saisissent les \u00e9l\u00e9ments du paysage am\u00e9ricain dans leurs \u00e9crits. Cette tradition moderniste, qui se nourrit de la force litt\u00e9raire du front pionnier am\u00e9ricain, r\u00e9v\u00e8le l\u2019importante contribution de l\u2019essence de la terre am\u00e9ricaine (une nature physique) \u00e0 la tradition litt\u00e9raire am\u00e9ricaine.
\nLe d\u00e9but du XXe si\u00e8cle et l\u2019essor des espaces urbains sont des topos de la litt\u00e9rature moderniste. Ces facteurs contribuent \u00e0 la transition de \u00ab nature \u00bb \u00e0 \u00ab environment \u00bb du fait du r\u00f4le important jou\u00e9 par le paysage urbain dans les textes modernistes. Ainsi la litt\u00e9rature du Sud de Flannery O\u2019Connor et William Faulkner s\u2019appuie toujours sur une \u00ab nature \u00bb litt\u00e9rale inscrite dans son contexte, tandis que des \u00e9crivains urbains comme Djuna Barnes et Ana\u00efs Nin se servent de \u00ab l\u2019environnement \u00bb urbain et de ses r\u00e9seaux pour structurer leur textes. Rurales ou urbaines, les pr\u00e9conceptions de ces espaces par les \u00e9crivains et leurs lecteurs sont impliqu\u00e9es dans la compr\u00e9hension des textes.
\nDans la litt\u00e9rature moderniste am\u00e9ricaine, les paysages sont aussi une question de perspectives et de changements. Plus particuli\u00e8rement, les \u00e9crits des expatri\u00e9s proposent une perspective sur les \u00c9tats-Unis depuis l\u2019\u00e9tranger, cr\u00e9ant un sous-genre de la litt\u00e9rature am\u00e9ricaine. Dans son ouvrage Paris France <\/em>(1940), Gertrude Stein \u00e9voque l\u2019importance de la distance, \u00e0 la fois physique et m\u00e9taphorique, en \u00e9crivant sur un endroit :<\/p>\n

After all everybody, that is, everybody who writes is interested in living inside themselves in order to tell what is inside themselves. That is why writers have to have two countries, the one where they belong and the one in which they live really. The second one is romantic, it is separate from themselves, it is not real but it is really there. [\u2026] Of course sometimes people discover their own country as if it were the other [\u2026] but in general that other country that you need to be free in is the other country not the country where your really belong. (2-3).<\/p>\n

C\u2019est justement en \u00e9crivant sur les \u00c9tats-Unis depuis Paris que Stein veut capturer l\u2019essence am\u00e9ricaine dans son texte The Making of Americans<\/em> (1906-08\/1925).
\nDans cet atelier, nous r\u00e9fl\u00e9chirons sur les rapports entre \u00ab nature \u00bb, \u00ab environment \u00bb et landscape\u2014cityscape\u2014paysage<\/em> dans la litt\u00e9rature moderniste am\u00e9ricaine, en soulignant en particulier la nature physique, les pr\u00e9conceptions et les changements pr\u00e9sents dans ces rapports. Quelques questions sont ainsi \u00e0 consid\u00e9rer :
\nComment les paysages ruraux et urbains sont-ils fusionn\u00e9s dans les textes modernistes ?
\nQu\u2019est-ce qui est \u00e9crit par et \u00e0 travers le paysage et le territoire ? Peut-on identifier des strat\u00e9gies narratives \u00ab environnementales \u00bb ?
\nQuelle est la repr\u00e9sentation des paysages ruraux et urbains am\u00e9ricains du point de vue des expatri\u00e9s ?
\nLe fait \u00ab d\u2019\u00e9crire le territoire \u00bb joue-t-il un r\u00f4le dans sa pr\u00e9servation ?
\nExiste-t-il des rapports entre le genre de l\u2019\u00e9crivain et sa repr\u00e9sentation des paysages ruraux et urbains ?
\nLes propositions sont \u00e0 envoyer \u00e0 Amy D. WELLS<\/a> and William Dow<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

WORKSHOPS, July 21, 2009 Antoine CAZ\u00c9 (Universit\u00e9 Denis-Diderot – Paris 7) Sites po\u00e9tiques contemporains Dans une lettre adress\u00e9e en 1955 \u00e0 Ed Dorn, Charles Olson conseille au jeune po\u00e8te de s\u2019ancrer dans un site sp\u00e9cifique pour en transmuer la substance en langage : DOCUMENTS PRIMAIRES. Et s\u2019ancrer \u00e0 cet endroit repr\u00e9sente toute une vie d\u2019assiduit\u00e9. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[36],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-241","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-2010-conference-grenoble-from-nature-to-the-environment"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Admin","author_link":"https:\/\/afea.fr\/annualconference\/author\/yanb\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"WORKSHOPS, July 21, 2009 Antoine CAZ\u00c9 (Universit\u00e9 Denis-Diderot – Paris 7) Sites po\u00e9tiques contemporains Dans une lettre adress\u00e9e en 1955 \u00e0 Ed Dorn, Charles Olson conseille au jeune po\u00e8te de s\u2019ancrer dans un site sp\u00e9cifique pour en transmuer la substance en langage : DOCUMENTS PRIMAIRES. Et s\u2019ancrer \u00e0 cet endroit repr\u00e9sente toute une vie d\u2019assiduit\u00e9.…","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/afea.fr\/annualconference\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/241"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/afea.fr\/annualconference\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/afea.fr\/annualconference\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/afea.fr\/annualconference\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/afea.fr\/annualconference\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=241"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/afea.fr\/annualconference\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/241\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/afea.fr\/annualconference\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=241"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/afea.fr\/annualconference\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=241"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/afea.fr\/annualconference\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=241"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}